To check the speed drop of an excavator, start by testing the engine’s output power. If it’s lower than the rated power, inspect components like air valves, fuel injectors, the turbocharger, and the hydraulic pump. Common issues include poor fuel quality, low fuel pressure, incorrect valve clearance, and turbocharger carbonization. If the engine’s output power is normal, ensure the hydraulic pump’s flow rate matches the engine’s output. Speed issues may also stem from the pump control system, requiring checks of the electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical transmission systems. For more details, watch the video on replacing heavy undercarriage components.